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The Great Rift Valley rift was formed primarily through tectonic processes associated with the divergence of the African tectonic plate into the Somali and Nubian plates. This rifting occurs as magma rises from the Earth's mantle, causing the crust to thin and fracture. Over millions of years, these tectonic forces have led to the creation of a series of valleys and escarpments, resulting in the distinct geography of the rift. The ongoing tectonic activity continues to shape and evolve the valley today.

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