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King Artaxerxes, a ruler of the Persian Empire, is best known for his decree allowing the Jewish exiles to return to Jerusalem and rebuild their temple, as recorded in the biblical book of Ezra. This order, issued around 458 BCE, aimed to restore the Jewish community and their religious practices following the Babylonian exile. It marked a significant moment in Jewish history, as it facilitated the re-establishment of their identity and worship in their ancestral homeland.

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What empire did King Artaxerxes reign?

Artaxerxes was the name of a number of kings of kings of Persia, rulers of the Achaemenid Empire, the first of the four pre-Islamic Persian empires. Artaxerxes I was the firth king of kings of Persia. He ruled from 465 to 424 BC. Artaxerxes II Mnemon ruled from 404 to 358 BC. Artaxerxes III Ochus ruled from 358 to38 BC. Artaxerxes IV Arses ruled from 338 to 336 BC. After Alexander the Great defeated Darius III and conquered Persia, Artaxerxes V Bessus proclaimed himself king of king of Persia. He was executed by Alexander the Great in 329 BC.


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Nehemiah served as the cupbearer to King Artaxerxes. This role involved tasting and ensuring the safety of the king's food and drink to protect him from poisoning.


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Amestris or Amastris was the wife of King of Kings Xerxes I of Persia, mother of king Artaxerxes I of Persia.


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