space
nitrogen
Hubble being in space does not have a problem of seeing which is caused by atmospheric blurring and thus can observe light at more wavelengths. Its only limitation is by diffraction in its optics
Meteor. Meteorites are the ones that do hit Earth.
No. Most of Earth's stored energy is within matter and it will not "find its way out of earths atmosphere" on it's own. The only energy that leaves Earth is radiant energy (some heat, light, radio energy, etc) or matter that is thrown out of the atmosphere by cosmic collisions. Some particles and element (e.g. hydrogen) may also be lost to space as Earth orbits our sun.
Meteors do not orbit the Sun. Meteors are to be found/seen in the Earth's atmosphere burning up. Before they enter the Earths atmosphere they are called meteoroids and if they land on Earth they are called meteorites.
Earths atmosphere
Yes. In fact, there are even telescopes that are stationed already in space.
Adaptive Optics/AO.
Biologist
Methane gas
Methane gas
oxygen
The Earth's atmosphere is about 120 miles thick and anything we see from the surface of the Earth is distorted by the water vapor and debris that is in the air. If you are in space you do not have this distortion. The Hubble Telescope is a good example of space based telescopes.Scientists have put telescopes in space to avoid interference by the atmosphere.SOURCE:-Page 560 of Holt Science & Technology Earth Science-Chapter 18-Studying Space-Section 2- Telescopes-Optical Telescopes in Space
radio telescopes
The atmosphere of earth tends to distort images from space. Since Hubble operates outside earths atmosphere, the images it can produce are much more clear.
This usually refers to a telescope that is actually located outside of the earths atmosphere. as opposed to a telescope designed to view outer space (which is all telescopes to my knowledge).
Scientist theorize that bacteria with chlorophyll in them slowly but surely began to multiply. And as they did, they photosynthesized enough to create an entire atmosphere. (as you know oxygen is a byproduct of photosynthesis)