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Vulcanization is a chemical process for converting rubber or related polymers into more durable materials. It is a chemical process in which polymer molecules are linked to other polymer molecules by atomic bridges composed of sulfur atoms or carbon to carbon bonds. The end result is that the springy rubber molecules become cross-linked to a greater or lesser extent. The vulcanized rubber is harder, more durable, and more resistant to chemicals and other damage. The surface becomes smoother and less likely to stick to metal or plastic. A lot of products are made with vulcanized rubber including tires, shoe soles, hoses, and hockey pucks.

Today's major problem with vulcanization is the irreversibility of the process.

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