"Sailors of the stars" (besides being a literal translation of the Latin words making up astronauts) is an extraordinarily grandiose claim for Earth astronauts, who can scarcely claim to have more than waded in the celestial oceans, and no more than ankle-deep. In fact, I don't think I've ever heard this term used before.
In the long run, this will probably turn out to be at least somewhat accurate; Science Fiction author and science writer Arthur C. Clark once wrote "If man survives ... then for all but a vanishingly brief instant near the dawn of history, the word 'ship' will mean 'spaceship.'" We will, eventually, travel to the stars. But it'll be quite a while yet.
Astronauts bring tanks of oxygen with them when they go into space. The space suits they use to make space walks also have small oxygen tanks on them.
The only place astronauts have been other than Earth, is on the Moon. Between 1969 and 1972 there were 6 moon landings. Nobody has gone to the Moon since then and nobody has gone to any other planets yet. Most astronauts now just orbit the Earth on one of the Space Shuttles or on the International Space Station or one of the other spacecraft that some countries have. It will be a long time before it will be possible to send astronauts to other planets.
Ice cube
Anna. She is also on Dancing with the Stars.
Cosmenauts
The Russians called their spacemen "cosmonauts". The US used "astronauts", meaning sailors of the stars. Cosmonauts means sailors of the universe. Both are pretty grandiose for people who haven't even passed Luna's orbit.
Well, on MY planet, there is only one moon. Not sure about your planet. Here the sailors generally do not navigate by the moon- but they do use stars. In the north, sailors use the Pole Star, also called the North Star or Polaris. In the far south, you can't see Polaris, so sailors use other groups of stars, like the Southern Cross.
No, not all dwarf stars are failed stars. Only brown dwarfs are called "failed stars".
The Lunar Roving Vehicle, or LRV
The proper term for a group of stars is "asterism". They can also be known as a "cluster" and/or a "constellation".
The large hot stars are typically called "blue-white" stars or also Blue Giants. Cooler large stars are called Red Giants.
The nautical star is a very old modern tattoo, going back at least a century or more. Back in the days of yore, before modern navigation, sailors would navigate in part by the stars in the night skies, in particular the North Star in the Northern Hemisphere, and various other constellations of stars in the night sky. In the Southern Hemisphere, sailors had to use different stars and the Southern Cross became quite well-known. Sailors would then tattoo nautical stars on them because they relied on the stars to take them home, and being superstitious, they hoped their star tattoos would get them home safely as well. Compass stars are also popular for this reason. The nautical stars were originally used by sailors to help guide their way as they sailed through the night. They relied upon the stars to protect them and bring them home safely. A lot of soldiers get nautical stars for the same reason...protection. It is a symbol of protection and guidance. It was a very popular tattoo among sailors. So a case could be made that the nautical star tattoo, or a tattoo of any star for that matter, would be a symbol of guidance. Now as time has passed the nautical stars represent the direction of one's life, for those of us who are not sailors but still need guidance. Some say that if the nautical star is pointed upwards they have a higher outlook on life and so on. The meaning of the Nautical star is to create your own path, but use the stars as a guide when you are lost or scared.
By navigation using the stars. Sailors measured the position of the stars above the horizon using a sextant, from a table of known postions of the stars. This method also requires that you know the time of day, which is taken from a known point at Greenwich in England (Greenwich Mean Time GMT). Every place on earth takes its time from being plus or minus so many hours from GMT.
There is no specific name of such stars. In stellar models they are given the classification of O-type main sequence stars.
A large grouping of stars in space is commonly referred to as the galaxy. This can also be called the solar system since planets are also types of stars.
No blue stars are the largest and brightest stars know of. (They are also called Hypergiants). Red giants are dimmer.
There is no specific name of such stars. In stellar models they are given the classification of O-type main sequence stars.