Why did Athens call beasts and useless?

Answer 1

Athens referred to certain groups, particularly those who did not participate in civic life or contribute to society, as "beasts" or "useless" to emphasize their perceived lack of value in the democratic polis. This language reflected the Athenian ideal of active citizenship, where individuals were expected to engage in public affairs, uphold civic responsibilities, and contribute to the common good. Such derogatory terms highlighted the importance of civic virtue and participation in Athenian society, distinguishing between those who contributed and those who were seen as idle or detrimental to the community.