Because scholars have not yet learned to read their language so we know very little about Harappan society
A group of warrior nomads, the Aryans, began to migrate into the Indus Valley region around the time that the Harappan Civilization began to decline. Scholars disagree about whether the Aryans overtook the Harappan Civilization by force, or simply moved in and coexisted with them during their decline. Regardless, the nomadic Aryans were predominately a cattle-breeding society, and they learned how to live as settled agriculturists from the remaining Harappan people. Therefore, the Aryans absorbed remnants of the Harappan Civilization and integrated them into their own culture to form the Vedic culture. Since the Indus Valley Civilization left no written records, the nature of the transition from the Harappan culture to the resulting Vedic culture is that much more a mystery
The reason is because Northern India had much fertile soil which was ideal for growing crops and raising animals
Ancient Harappan Civilization Collapsed Because of Changes in the Climate. A new study has provided evidence that climate change was a leading cause of the great Indus or Harappan civilization collapsing 4000 years ago.May 30, 2012
Part of the problem is the lack of writing. Many other civilizations have numerous texts that - once deciphered - grant a significant understanding of several aspects of the society. Only a very few sources or writing are known for this civilization, and the extreme lack of sources has hampered any attempt to decipher it. Another problem is a lack of artifacts. While the layout of many of the buildings and the general layout of the town is known, few artifacts were found within it. Either they were taken when the people left or looters have long since removed them. Much of our understanding of ancient civilizations comes from artifacts. For example, if we find pottery of a certain type, then it might show that trade existed with this other settlement or civilization - where that type of pottery is common. It might also reveal clues as to what methods the civilization used to make and fire pottery, what understanding they had or lacked regarding how to make and apply glazes, and so forth.
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Because scholars have not yet learned their language so they could not understand it
Historians base their speculations about the Harappan civilization primarily on archaeological findings, such as city layouts, artifacts, and inscriptions found at sites like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa. They also analyze trade patterns, agricultural practices, and the socio-political structures inferred from these discoveries. Additionally, comparisons with contemporary civilizations and studies of later cultures in the region provide context for understanding Harappan society. Since written records are scarce, much of the interpretation relies on material culture and environmental evidence.
A group of warrior nomads, the Aryans, began to migrate into the Indus Valley region around the time that the Harappan Civilization began to decline. Scholars disagree about whether the Aryans overtook the Harappan Civilization by force, or simply moved in and coexisted with them during their decline. Regardless, the nomadic Aryans were predominately a cattle-breeding society, and they learned how to live as settled agriculturists from the remaining Harappan people. Therefore, the Aryans absorbed remnants of the Harappan Civilization and integrated them into their own culture to form the Vedic culture. Since the Indus Valley Civilization left no written records, the nature of the transition from the Harappan culture to the resulting Vedic culture is that much more a mystery
The greatest mystery of the Harappan civilization is the little known and completely overlooked calendar (almanac) known as Ponchang or Ponjika still alive in India, used only on certain religious occasions. This calendar may be key to unlock all the mysteries of that ancient civilization.
It was a old civilization.
The reason is because Northern India had much fertile soil which was ideal for growing crops and raising animals
Babylonians and Chaldeans are pretty much the same thing, and they all conquered Israel at one point in time. That's all I know.
because scientists do not know much about them
The Maya civilization fell much sooner than Aztec civilization.
The Olmec had died out long before European settlement.
Historians didn't understand meroitic writing so they don't know much about queen shanakhdakheto. Most of what they know come from their carvings found in her tomb.
Historians know about the Sumerians primarily through archaeological discoveries, such as cuneiform tablets, which contain records of their language, literature, and administrative activities. Excavations of ancient sites like Ur, Uruk, and Lagash have uncovered temples, ziggurats, and artifacts that provide insights into their society, culture, and daily life. Additionally, the study of ancient texts, including mythologies and legal codes, offers valuable information about their beliefs and governance. Together, these sources create a comprehensive picture of Sumerian civilization.