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The words of the thirteenth amendment are:

Section 1.Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

Section 2.Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

The words "except as punishment for a crime" are necessary because prison labor is often involuntary work and would therefore qualify under "involuntary servitude". (The prisoner does not wish to perform the labors he may be required to perform.) As a result, this exception was placed in there. The reason that involuntary servitude is in the amendment was to prevent Whites from re-enslaving African-Americans by calling the act of enslavement by a different name.

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Q: Why is this phrase except as punishment for a crime in the Thirteenth Amendment?
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