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Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington (1899-1974) may not have changed history, but he was one of the most accomplished songwriters, band leaders and musicians in American history. He preferred not to be called strictly a jazz musician because he felt the tern was too limiting; only partly describing the kind of music he made. Still, he is regarded mostly as a jazz artist by musicians and fans, and is one of the four or five seminal figures in that genre, in any era.

Duke Ellington wrote over 1000 songs, alone and with collaborator Billy Strayhorn. Many of them have become standards, including "Take the 'A' Train," "Satin Doll," "Do Nothin' 'til You Hear from Me," "Chelsea Bridge," "Cottontail" and "Concerto for Cootie." Ellington wrote many songs to showcase the talents of particular band members: for example, "Cottontail" was written for saxophonist Ben Webster, and "Concerto for Cootie" for trumpeter Cootie Williams.

Ellington's orchestra had members who stayed in the outfit for 30-40 years. "The Duke" was a consummate professional who expected his band members to behave the same way. His musicians were never just "sidemen;" he saw them as stars and made sure the public did, too. He also paid good wages, and it was for all these reasons that he was respected, and musicians felt honored to be in his band.

Duke Ellington remains an indispensable figure in the jazz world 40 years after his death. His immortality rests on his gifts as a songwriter, and his ability to cultivate and nurture talent within his band. That so many players stayed with him for decades is a testament to his character and professionalism. His skill as a bandleader and pianist may have been equaled, but the Duke's ability to maintain such a high standard of songwriting, arranging and performing for over 50 years probably never will.

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