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The relative strengths of the overtones in a given sound or pitch determine its quality. For example, if the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th overtones have relative strengths of 50%, 20%, 10%, and 5%, compared to the fundamental, the mixture of all those tones will blend to produce a single tone (which we hear at the fundamental pitch) with a particular quality that is markedly different from from the same fundamental tone whose 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th overtones have relative strengths of, say, 32%, 78%, 12%, and 29%

Consider this analogy: Given two gallons of white paint, we add to the 1st gallon 1 cup of red, 1 cup of green, and 1 cup of blue paint. To the 2nd gallon we add 1/4 cup of red, 2 cups of green, and 1/8 cup of blue. Mix each gallon thoroughly, and the blend results in a different overall color for each gallon, due to the different amounts of red, green, and blue in each gallon.

In this analogy, the gallons of white are equivalent to the fundamental tone, and the reds, greens, and blues, are equivalent to the overtones.

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