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The isotope potassium-40 decays into argon-40 at a predictable rate. By measuring the ratio of the two present in a rock, we can work out how long it is since the rock was formed from magma.

where t is the elapsed time, t1/2 is the half life of the decay, Kf is the amount of potassium -40 left in the sample, and Arf is the amount of argon-40 present.

Measuring the quantities of the isotopes is very easy with a mass spectrometer.

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9y ago

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