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Sine waves with frequencies in the audio range of 20 Hz to 20 kHz, properly converted to pressure waves in air, can be heard as musical tones. The notes of the musical scale, for the equal tempered scale, are step changes in frequency with the ratio of the twelth root of two, or 1.059463. The sequence of occurence of frequencies is a melodic line. The combination of sine wave of various frequencies is harmonic and chordal structure. If you double the frequency of a sine wave, you get an octave. Triple it and you get an octave and a fifth. Each multiple represents a harmonic, the mixture of which represents timbre. You can also divide the various harmonics by various integers and generate the primary intervals, the minor third, major third, fourth, and fifth. "The Science of Musical Sound", John R. Pierce, Scientific American Library, 1983

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