The few Sumerians who learned how to write often held high positions in society as scribes, priests, and administrators. Their literacy allowed them to manage records, document transactions, and maintain religious texts, making them essential to the functioning of the state and temples. As a result, they enjoyed significant social status and influence within Sumerian civilization.
scribes
The head ruler of the Sumerians was often referred to as a "king" or "lugal," which means "big man" in Sumerian. These rulers held significant power and were responsible for governance, military leadership, and religious duties within their city-states. Additionally, some rulers were viewed as representatives of the gods on Earth, reinforcing their authority in Sumerian society.
The Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian empires had centralized political structures and a unified government that enabled them to control vast territories and diverse populations, which the Sumerians lacked. While the Sumerians were organized into city-states with independent governance, the empires established a more cohesive administration, often using a bureaucratic system to enforce laws and collect taxes across their regions. Additionally, these empires often engaged in military conquests to expand their influence, unlike the Sumerians, whose conflicts were typically localized.
Sumerians used cylinder seals primarily for marking ownership and authenticating documents, as well as for decoration and personal identification. These small, cylindrical objects were engraved with intricate designs and could be rolled over clay to leave a unique imprint, serving as a form of signature. They played a crucial role in trade, administration, and communication within Sumerian society, providing a means to secure transactions and convey information. Additionally, cylinder seals often depicted mythological or religious themes, reflecting the cultural and spiritual beliefs of the Sumerians.
The sumerians view differed, because of their environment. Sumerians were surrounded by mountains and often had floods. Egyptians always had good things happen to them. Thus environment shapes religion.
It depends on which culture. Many cultures are quickly learned by social emmersion, or simply spending time in a the society. Also, if you learned English, or the language that you need to go to visit a place, the teacher will often have tips.
scribes
Sargon was the leader of the Semites but conquered the Sumerians. Thus he is quite often held as the "leader" of the Sumerians.
because freemason like to be around like minded people or other freemasons.
The dominant group in the US is often referred to as White Americans, who make up the majority of the population and have historically held positions of power and privilege in society.
Over land and water rights.
Implicit rules of society are typically learned throughout childhood and adolescence, often through observation, socialization, and experience within various social contexts such as family, school, and community interactions. These rules are often ingrained and internalized over time, shaping individual behavior and interactions with others.
Over land and water rights.
Over land and water rights.
Over land and water rights.
Over land and water rights.
Females dominate the society