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In general, the foundations stops (Principal, Diapason, Montre) and the flutes are the two main types of stops on most types of organs. For example, the popular "Roller Moller" has two extended ranks; a Principal and a Flute which are unified to many different pitches. However, a theater organist might argue that the strings are used more often in that style of playing than are the foundations.

But, I suspect that what you are really asking is what the two main types or organ pipes are. The two main types of pipes are flue (not to be confused with flute) and reed. Flue pipes are simply a whistle with no moving parts. Reed pipes produce sound using a brass tongue not unlike the reeds in a harmonica. Classification of organ pipes break down further much like the taxonomic classification of life forms. For instance flue pipes break down into foundation, flute, string and hybrid. Reeds break down into still more diverse classes.

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12y ago
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11y ago

They are pistons or levers which control which set of pipes the air gets to; in other words, they control the type of sound produced. They are often named after the musical instrument they are supposed to sound like, eg. "flute", "violin", "Trumpet".

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Q: What are stops on a pipe organ?
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