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french staff
There are two most commonly used staffs. These are called the treble staff (the higher staff with the swirly, twirly symbol), and the bass staff (the lower staff with a not so swirly symbol). The treble and bass staff have five lines and each. There are four spaces between these lines. The treble staff has names as follows... _____ F(line) E(space) _____ D(line) C(space) _____ B(line) A(space) _____ G(line) F(space) _____ E(line) The bass staff has names as follows... _____ A(line) G(space) _____ F(line) E(space) _____ D(line) C(space) _____ B(line) A(space) _____ G(line) I'm sorry if this looks confusing, but it is hard to show without images.
Staff lines indicated pitch.
You need to draw a small supplementary line below the staff. Then the middle C will be right on top of it.
One ledger line below the treble clef staff, or one ledger line above the bass clef staff, or the middle line in alto clef, or the 4th line in tenor clef.
a
In this type of organization the functional specialists are added to the line, thus giving the line the advantages of specialists. Staff is basically advisory in nature and usually does not possess any command authority over line managers.
Organizational structure involves, in addition to task organizational boundary considerations, the designation of jobs within an organization and the relationships among those jobs. There are numerous ways to structure jobs within an organization, but two of the most basic forms include simple line structures and line-and-staff structures.In a line organization, top management has complete control, and the chain of command is clear and simple. Examples of line organizations are small businesses in which the top manager, often the owner, is positioned at the top of the organizational structure and has clear "lines" of distinction between him and his subordinates.The line-and-staff organization combines the line organization with staff departments that support and advise line departments. Most medium and large-sized firms exhibit line-and-staff organizational structures. The distinguishing characteristic between simple line organizations and line-and-staff organizations is the multiple layers of management within line-and-staff organizations. The following sections refer primarily to line-and-staff structures, although the advantages and disadvantages discussed apply to both types of organizational structures.Several advantages and disadvantages are present within a line-and-staff organization. An advantage of a line-and-staff organization is the availability of technical specialists. Staff experts in specific areas are incorporated into the formal chain of command. A disadvantage of a line-and-staff organization is conflict between line and staff personnel.This type of organization structure combines to show line or main relationships and staff or supporting relationships within an organization. Line and staff organizations shows the relationship between line managers and specialist staff who work together to meet the goals of the organization.The line-and-staff organization combines the line organization with staff departments that support and advise line departments. Most medium and large-sized firms exhibit line-and-staff organizational structures. The distinguishing characteristic between simple line organizations and line-and-staff organizations is the multiple layers of management within line-and-staff organizations. The following sections refer primarily to line-and-staff structures, although the advantages and disadvantages discussed apply to both types of organizational structures.
line and staff concept concept of line and staff organization
Line has authority to give order to subordinates. A staff can not give order. Staff can only suggest line. Hence line is responsible for the work of subordinates, but staff does not.
technicques for reduced line and staff conflict
Staff is more rearward than it is increasing, imho
what are the advantages of line management?
1. Line managers are assisted with expert advice of staff personnel. 2. Line executives are relieved of work over-load. 3. Better quality of decision making due to expert advice from staff. 4. Less wastages and higher productivity. 5. Professional work culture. 6. Efficiency and knowledge-base of line managers. 7. R & D and other developments are encourages.
1. Line managers are assisted with expert advice of staff personnel. 2. Line executives are relieved of work over-load. 3. Better quality of decision making due to expert advice from staff. 4. Less wastages and higher productivity. 5. Professional work culture. 6. Efficiency and knowledge-base of line managers. 7. R & D and other developments are encourages.
There are no advantages of labour / staff turnover. Staff turnover is the decrease in the amount of employees you have in your business. Presence of staff turnover indicates employees are leaving your business for some reason. There are no advantages of labour / staff turnover.
The difference between line relationship and staff relationship is that, line relationship receives command from the top management, while staff relationship is managed by all staff.