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A Leslie is a special tremolo that provides a distinctive lush, theatrical sound. It has been especially popular in evangelistic Christian churches and in rock and jazz settings. It was invented in the 1950s by Don Leslie, and makes use of the Doppler effect, which is what happens with the sound of a car on a highway approaching you, then driving away -- the sound not only gets louder, but rises in pitch as the car approaches, then the sound gets softer while also lowering in pitch as it drives away. Mr. Leslie accomplished this by placing a sort of spinning "scoop" in front of the speaker, causing the sound to be directed away from you, then toward you, then away.... The success of his design was a combination of the speaker, the "scoop", and the resonance of the cabinet. Virtually all organ manufacturers designed imitations, but none was successful in displacing the genuine Leslie speaker. The effect was particularly enjoyable when used for "round" tones, such as organ flutes, but the effect was much less popular when used for "buzzy" tones, such as reeds and strings. Since Hammond organs used Flute-like tones exclusively until about 1970, Hammonds and Leslies were a "match made in heaven." Eventually both the Hammond and Leslie companies became a part of what is currently known as the Hammond Suzuki Company. If you listen quietly when the Leslie is turned on, you can hear the "scoop" spinning around. The normal tremolo speed is about seven cycles (or "throbs") per second. Many models also have a slow speed of only about one cycle per second that provides a subtle "movement" to the sound when you don't want a normal tremolo.

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