rdhoc (get it)
A chord with the fourth in it. C fourth chord is C F and A, although, it's not really called a fourth, it's called a suspension or suspended chord.
Not sure what your question is, but a major chord with a raised fifth is called an augmented chord.
A scale
bdf is a chord - it's called a diminished chord - composed of two minor third intervals stacked on eachother.
(chord) progression
The inversion of a seventh chord is when the notes of the chord are rearranged so that a different note is in the bass (lowest) position.
The inversions for 7th chords are when the notes of the chord are rearranged so that a different note is in the bass (lowest) position.
A chord with the fourth in it. C fourth chord is C F and A, although, it's not really called a fourth, it's called a suspension or suspended chord.
It's called an anagram.
Not sure what your question is, but a major chord with a raised fifth is called an augmented chord.
A scale
The note that defines a chord is called the root note. It is the note that gives the chord its name and serves as the foundation for the other notes in the chord.
Chords in music theory are numbered based on their position within a scale. The first chord is called the tonic chord, the second chord is the supertonic chord, the third chord is the mediant chord, and so on.
To find the root of a chord, identify the note that gives the chord its name. This note is usually the lowest sounding note in the chord and is called the root.
That's a 'chord' of a circle. If the chord happens to pass through the center of the circle, then it's called a 'diameter', and no chord of the same circle can be longer.
arpeggio
An arpeggio.