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What is second order instrument?
secondary instruments,as opposed to absolute instruments ,are direct reading type instruments.the value of an electrical quantity can be read directly from the deflection shown on the instruments.deflections on an un-calibrated secondary instrument are not a true measure of the electrical quantites.
What are the different methods of damping used in analog indicating instruments?
Damping torque can be provided by: (a) air friction damping (b) fluid friction damping (c) eddy current damping. In air friction damping, a light piston moves with a very small clearance in air chamber. The piston moves against pressure of air in air chamber. In fluid friction damping, light varies are attached to spindle of moving system. The movement of spindle is suppressed due to fluid friction, Eddy current damping is one of the most efficient method of damping. It is based on the principle that whenever a sheet of conducting but non magnetic material like copper or aluminum moves in magnetic field, eddy currents are induced.
What is the Name the instrument that beats time for musicians?
A metronome
What instrument is blown and squeezed at the same time and it lives in Scotland?
The bagpipes
What musical instrument has been around for the longest period of time?
the trombone has
How do you play gamelan?
you play by using percussion damping stopping the instrument from going on and on and on.
What is geometric damping?
Geometric damping is also called radiation damping. It is defined as energy radiation into a surrounding medium. Damping is defined as energy dissipation property of structures and materials that are put through time-variable loading.
What is the formula for Damping frequency?
The formula for damping frequency is ω_d = ω_n * sqrt(1 - ζ^2), where ω_d is the damping frequency, ω_n is the natural frequency, and ζ is the damping ratio. It represents the rate at which the amplitude of a damped oscillator decreases over time.
Damping ratio of higher order systems?
In higher order systems, the damping ratio is determined by the ratio of the actual damping in the system to the critical damping value corresponding to the highest order term in the system transfer function. The damping ratio influences the system's response to a step input, affecting overshoot and settling time. High damping ratios result in quicker settling times but may lead to more overshoot.
What is negative damping?
It is the opposite of normal damping (oscillation decreases), so in negative damping to get even bigger oscillation.
How can you decrease the degree of damping?
You can decrease the degree of damping by reducing the amount of friction or resistance in the system. This can be achieved by using lighter weight damping materials, adjusting the damping coefficients, or using a less viscous damping fluid.
What happens to the damping when the settling time increases in a derivative error compensation?
increase
What is order instrument?
A second order linear instrument has an output which is given by a non-homogeneous second order linear differential equationd2y(t)/dt2 + 2.rho.omega.dy(t)/dt + omega2.y(t) = K.omega2.x(t),where rho is a constant, called the damping factorof the instrument, and omega is a constant called the natural frequency of the instrument.Under a static input a second order linear instrument tends to oscillate about its position of equilibrium. The natural frequency of the instrument is the frequency of these oscillations.Friction in the instrument opposes these oscillations with a strength proportional to the rate of change of the output. The damping factor is a measure of this opposition to the oscillations.An example of a second order linear instrument is a galvanometer which measures an electrical current by the torque on a coil carrying the current in a magnetic field. The rotation of the coil is opposed by a spring. The strength of the spring and the moment of inertia of the coil determine the natural frequency of the instrument. The damping of the oscillations is by mechanical friction and electrical eddy currents.Another example of a second order linear instrument is a U-tube manometer for measuring pressure differences. The liquid in the U-tube tends to oscillate from side to side in the tube with a frequency determined by the weight of the liquid. The damping factor is determined by viscosity in the liquid and friction between the liquid and the sides of the tube.
Why is critical damping faster than overdamping?
Critical damping is faster than overdamping because it minimizes the time it takes for a system to return to equilibrium without oscillating. In critical damping, there is no oscillation, while in overdamping, the system takes longer to return to equilibrium due to excessive damping causing slow decay of oscillations.
What is the damping ratio formula used to calculate the damping ratio of a system?
The damping ratio formula used to calculate the damping ratio of a system is given by the equation: c / (2 sqrt(m k)), where is the damping ratio, c is the damping coefficient, m is the mass of the system, and k is the spring constant.
When a wave is acted upon by an external damping force what happens to the energy of the wave?
When a wave is acted upon by an external damping force, the energy of the wave decreases over time. The damping force absorbs energy from the wave, causing it to lose amplitude and eventually dissipate.
Applications of critical damping?
Critical damping is commonly used in engineering to prevent overshooting and oscillations in dynamic systems. It is applied in shock absorbers for vehicles to ensure a smooth ride and in building structures to reduce vibrations during earthquakes. In electrical circuits, critical damping is used to suppress ringing and improve response time.
