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When a radioactive isotope of an element releases a radiation particle the sub-atomic structure of it's nucleus changes. If an alpha particle is released the nucleus loses 2 protons and 2 neutrons, making it a new, lighter and smaller atom and therefore a different element. If a beta particle is released one of the neutrons in the nucleus releases an electron and becomes a proton so the atom's mass does not change significantly but t does become a different element.

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