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Alto and baritone saxes are both pitched in Eb, but the baritone sounds an octave lower than the alto. Playing a written C on an alto produces the sound of the Eb below the written note. On a baritone, the note that sounds is the Eb in the next lower octave.

To make that happen, the air column for any given note is twice as long on the baritone as on the alto, and the instrument is correspondingly larger. the mouthpiece and reed are also much larger on the baritone.

Finally, many baritones are keyed to a low A, while most altos are only keyed to a low Bb

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