answersLogoWhite

0

"Carbon dating" is the technique used to calculate how long ago a living organism died.

Here's how it works. Cosmic rays from space hit atoms in the atmosphere, and in some cases will generate thermal neutrons. Nitrogen-14 atoms in the upper atmosphere absorb a few of those neutron, become unstable, and then emit a proton. This changes the Nitrogen-14 (atomic number 7) to carbon-14 (atomic number 6). This process has been going on for a very long time, so there's a relatively constant - but low - percentage of carbon 14 in the atmosphere. Living things breathe in the carbon-14 (along with oxygen and ordinary nitrogen) and the biological processes incorporate this carbon-14.

Carbon-14 is slightly radioactive, and decays with a half-life of 5760 years. As long as you are alive, you keep replenishing your supply of carbon-14. But when you (or any other living thing) dies, it's no longer getting fresh carbon-14, and the existing carbon-14 continues to decay.

By measuring the amount of carbon-14 remaining in any organic material, we can calculate approximately how long ago the organism died. It's fairly accurate back to about 10,000 years, and sort-of accurate back to about 60,000 years. After that, the proportion of carbon-14 that remains is too tiny for accurate analysis.

This only works with living things, and only within the past 60,000 years.

This also assumes that there have been no discontinuities in the formation of carbon-14 in the atmosphere. If there had been a supernova explosion within about 50 light years, a spike in cosmic rays might have caused a spike in carbon-14 production, and carbon-dating analysis might indicate that the sample was younger than it really was.

User Avatar

Wiki User

10y ago

What else can I help you with?

Related Questions

What is the difference between opaque and transparent material?

Such materials through which you can see are called transparent materials. As for example-glass. Such materials through which you cannot see are called opaque materials. As for example- wood


Limitation of internet?

There are actually quite a few limitations of the internet. Internet cannot for example transfer you smells of any sort.


What are limitations in experiments?

Limitations are factors that you cannot control in an experiment, no matter what you do.


What are hard and soft materials?

The magnetic materials which can magnetise and de-magnetise easily are called "soft magnetic materials" example:-ferrites,iron-cobalt alloy. The magnetic materials which cannot magnetise and de-magnetise easily are called "hard magnetic materials" example:-aluminium(al),nickel-cobalt alloy.


What limitations are placed on Congress in terms of its powers and authority, specifically in relation to what it cannot do?

Congress is limited in its powers and authority by the Constitution, which outlines specific things it cannot do. For example, Congress cannot pass ex post facto laws, suspend the writ of habeas corpus, or grant titles of nobility. These limitations help ensure a balance of power and protect individual rights.


Does money have any serious limitations and what are these limitations?

Money cannot buy love or happiness. Money may help extend life, but it cannot prevent death.


When quantitative technique cannot be used?

When you are studying qualitative data for example, colour of hair, gender, or any other variable for which there is no sensible hierarchy or ordering.


What materials are nonmagnetized?

Diamagnetic substances are not magnetised. Example: water is a diamagnetic substance, so it cannot be magnetised by any means.


Can you admit to a crime after the statute of limitations has expired?

No, you cannot be prosecuted for a crime if the statute of limitations has expired, even if you admit to it.


What are the limitations of inscriptions?

Inscriptions are generally done on stone. The limitations are the size of the stone or writing area. If they are too large, they cannot be moved.


What are the limitations of Thomson?

His model cannot explain atomic spectra or radioactivity.


Indiana statute of limitations on medical bills?

The statute of limitations for medical bills in Indiana is 6 years. That doesn't mean that they cannot contact you about the debt - it only means that they cannot take you to court because of it.