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I own an ICOM IC-A24 which is rated at a maximum transmission strength of 5 watts, which is typical for a high-end handheld aviation radio. It may surprise you to learn that the panel-mount radio in my aircraft (a King KX-125) is also rated at 5 watts transmit power! This too is a typical output for a small aircraft panel radio. Despite the identical power ratings, I know from personal experience that the panel mount radio will have a much easier time transmitting over long distances than the handheld. Why? Well, the radio in the airplane has a much better antenna, and plus the aircraft is usually high in the sky! What I'm trying to say is that the transmission range of a VHF radio is mostly determined by altitude and the quality of the antenna. Since a handheld is typically used on the ground, the range will be determined by line-of-site. If you can see the aircraft, you can probably hail it on the radio. I've never had the opportunity to use the handheld while inside the (flying) aircraft. I should give this a try sometime! Except for the inferior rubber-ducky antenna, I can't see any reason why a handheld couldn't transmit as far as a 5W panel-mount radio. At 10,000 feet you can easily transmit 50 nautical miles. I also own a pair of cheap Motorola FRS radios which operate off of 3 'AA' batteries and are rated at 0.5 watts (the same as a cell phone). Often, if I'm trying to use these radios in a building with a steel structure, the range will be terrible. I can barely understand someone who is transmitting from 50 feet away. However, I recently went on vacation and took a Motorola with me when I climbed a 3,000 foot mountain. My wife opted to go shopping in a nearby village while I climbed. At the top of the mountain I was able to clearly communicate with my wife over the radio even though she was over 10 kilometers away (about 6 miles).

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