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These are called dynamics. These most common indicators include Piano (soft), Mezzo-piano (medium soft), Mezzo-forte (medium loud), and Forte (loud). These dynamics are indicated in the sheet music usually between the musical staves. The dynamics are represented by letters. p for piano, mp for mezzo-piano, mf for mezzo-forte, and f for forte. though you can add more letters to the abbreviation for more detailed dynamics such as pp for pianissimo or vert soft, also ff for fortissimo of very loud. More can be added but rarely are more than three letters seen.Furthermore, there are such things as a cresendo (slowly get louder) and decresendo (slowly get softer). these are indicated by large sideways arrows, some what like longer > and <. These too are located below the musical staves.

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13y ago

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