What microphone and sound effects did Jim Morrison use?

Answer 1

Some footage shows him using either an EV 664 or EV 666. I've also seen him with a Sure SM58 and SM57.

Musicians back then tended to use whatever was available so he likely didn't have a main microphone.

The effects were probably pretty basic. A little reverb and maybe something else (i.e., chorus, delay) to sound a little different or weird for experimentation. Some of the delay effect I hear is probably simply over-dubbed vocals (i.e., record two (or more) tracks and layer them).

The strange vocal effect, such as on Strange Days, could be a megaphone or distortion layered with maybe a limiter or lots of compression. It's hard to say considering how many ways there are to change sounds.

I don't know if there's a lot of information about any gear The Doors used while recording, doesn't seem to be something most people care to know about any band, but you might look around for documentaries, interviews, and people who worked with bands back then to get a better idea.