A Jewish calendar website can help with that.
Yes.
They're called Shabbat candles (Neirot Shabbat in Hebrew).
Shabbat Shabbatot
Shabbat shalom is a Jewish greeting which we say during the day of Shabbat. See also:More about the Jewish Shabbat
There is no issue with swimming during Shabbat, however, you wouldn't be able to shower after swimming until Shabbat ends. (Assuming you wish to be Shabbat observant.)
Yes.
Orthodox Jews only use electricity in a passive manner during Shabbat. This means that they can leave electrical appliances on over Shabbat or use timers that automatically turn such things as lamps on and off.
You can go to a Jewish calendar website, and it should be able to help you.
Conservative Jews are less strict than Orthodox Jews. Not all Conservative Jews keep Shabbat.
They prepare their children for Shabbat and light the Shabbat candles.
The fourth 'commandment' is to keep Shabbat which Jews most definitely do.
"Shabbat Shalom!"
They're called Shabbat candles (Neirot Shabbat in Hebrew).
After Shabbat, there is the Havdalah service.
Shabbat Shabbatot
Shabbat comes from the Hebrew word for sit/rest. Shabbat is the day of rest.
In shulchan aruch (code of Jewish law). Also see Mishnah Berurah.