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Prelude No.20 in C minor Op.28 by Chopin - Harmonic Analysis

Bar 1

· Key-defining progression of i-iv-V-i

· Tonic chords are pure

· Subdominant and dominant are 7ths

· The Eb transfers from I to IV and continues into the start of V as an augmented triad / as a kind of suspension also

· Momentary augmented triad on the third beat of the first bar

· The F as part of the chord V7 continues a dissonant sound

Bar 2

The Neapolitan chord here is heard as chord IV of VI

· Melody is sequenced on the submediant (6th) level

· Harmony moves away from C and into Ab major. The whole bar could be thought of as I-IV-V7-I in Ab major

· Bar 2, chord 3 is Eb7

· C in chord 3 is a passing tone

· Db in the second bar is considered a normal passing tone if under the Ab major tonality

Bar 3

· Focus is in C minor again

· Bar 3, chord 1 is G7

· Second chord is not c but C7 or V7/iv

· Bar 3, chord 3 has an appoggiatura

Bar 4

· Drive is toward chord V, a half cadence that ends the entire 4-bar span

Bar 5

· The melody is on top and the harmonies are subtle unless bringing out a dissonance

· This line starts by quoting the opening motive, as if the true melodic line has been shifted to this position

· Bar 5, chord I is i minor

· Bar 5, chord 2 is VI

· Beat 3 presents two sonorities which distort the G chord rather than functioning as triads

· Beat 3 aims at V with the Ab as a suspended note, and then a balancing lower half step is sounded through F#

· Beat 4 has the arrival of G but with v in its minor form (passing chord)

Bar 6

· Bar 6, beat 2 is a very colourful French 6th on Ab

· Bar 6, beat 3 where the goal for the bass motion is V and lingers here onto beat 4

· Bar 6, beat 4 is V7

Bar 7

· The opening progression is very subtly included here

Bar 8

The Neapolitan chord here is heard clearly as N (root position)

· Beat 1, chord 1 is VI is used to precede the Neapolitan chord

· The Ab and Db chords quote bar 2

· Beats 3 and 4 create a N-V7-i cadence

· D natural is used in place of Db. The end of the piece puts a D natural in place of Db for a proper arrival back to C minor

Bars 9 -12

· This is an echo phrase with the same material

Bar 13

· Punctuating final chord is a simple coda

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