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The Song Dynasty is divided into the Northern Song (960-1127) and the Southern Song (1127-1279) due to the significant political and geographical changes that occurred after the Jurchen invasion. The Northern Song, centered in the north, faced military pressure from nomadic tribes, leading to its collapse when the Jurchens conquered the capital, Kaifeng. Following this, the Southern Song was established in the south, with its capital at Hangzhou, where it continued to flourish culturally and economically despite losing territory in the north. This division highlights the dynasty's shift in power and influence as it adapted to new challenges.

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2w ago

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