When receptors bind at the surface of a membrane, second messengers are released. This is how peptide hormones and catecholamines affect target organ cells.
Hormone receptor
Growth hormone has more target cells in the body than any of the others mentioned. It acts on many tissues throughout the body to stimulate growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration.
The binding of a hormone to a receptor is the first step. Target cell activation by hormone-receptor interaction depends equally on 3 factors. First the blood levels of the hormone, second ,relative numbers of receptors for that hormone on or in the target cells and the third ,strength of the binding between the hormone cell and the receptors.
Growth hormone has more target cells in the body than any of the others listed. It acts on various tissues and organs to regulate growth, metabolism, and cell regeneration throughout the body.
Receptors of protein hormones are present in plasma membrane but for steroid hormones no membrane receptors are needed as they can enter cell membrane , mobile receptors pic steroid hormones from cell membrane and carry them to nucleus .
Only target cells have receptors inside cytoplazm (for steroid hormones) or on cell membrane (for protein hormones) that make the hormone active.
Thyroid hormone enters target cells through facilitated diffusion, where it moves across the cell membrane with the help of specific transporter proteins. Once inside the cell, thyroid hormone binds to nuclear receptors, affecting gene expression and regulating cellular metabolism.
Hormone receptor
Peptide based hormones exert their effects on a cell by way of second messengers (cAMP or PIP) pathways. Steroid based hormones exert their effects on a target cell via direct gene activation.
Steroid hormones typically interact with their target cells inside the cell, specifically in the cytoplasm or nucleus. Once inside, they bind to specific receptor proteins, forming hormone-receptor complexes that can then modulate gene expression and alter cellular processes.
Hormones are specific molecules released by endocrine glands into the bloodstream. Each hormone binds to a specific receptor protein on the surface of the target cell. The receptor protein acts like a lock and key, ensuring that only the specific hormone can bind and trigger a cellular response in the target cell.
Steroid Hormones only enter the bloodstream by diffusion. If you are a student taking anatomy/phyiso 2 and refering to this question: All steroid hormones are derived from (cholesterol). Which steroid hormone is produced is determined by the (enzymes) present in the cell. The common precursor molecule for all steroid hormones is (pregnenolone). Steroid hormones enter the blood stream by (diffusion) and (do) require a carrier. The rate of secretion of steroid hormones is (slower) then catecholemines because steroid hormones are not (stored). Hope that helps-
A target cell is a cell in the body that recognizes a hormone's chemical structure. It is a cell to which a hormone binds chemically.
Hormones affect target cells because target cells have receptors that bind with certain hormones (they're specific). If a cell does not have a receptor then it is not affected by hormones. Target cells (which do have the receptor for a particular hormone) would be affected by the hormone.
Hormone and receptor interactions are based on specific binding between the hormone and its receptor. The receptor acts as a target for the hormone, triggering a series of cellular responses once bound. This interaction is highly specific, allowing for precise signaling within the body.
Growth hormone has more target cells in the body than any of the others mentioned. It acts on many tissues throughout the body to stimulate growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration.
The binding of a hormone to a receptor is the first step. Target cell activation by hormone-receptor interaction depends equally on 3 factors. First the blood levels of the hormone, second ,relative numbers of receptors for that hormone on or in the target cells and the third ,strength of the binding between the hormone cell and the receptors.