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A virus is a tiny bundle of genetic material - either DNA or RNA - carried in a shell called a viral coat, or capsid, which is made up of protein. Some viruses have an additional layer around this coat called an envelope. When a virus particle enters a cell and begins to reproduce itself, this is called a viral infection. The virus is usually very, very small compared to the size of a living cell. The information carried in the virus's DNA allows it to take over the operation of the cell, converting it to a factory to make more copies of itself. For example, the polio virus can make over one million copies of itself inside a single, infected human intestinal cell.

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