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Yes ! Beneficial bacteria are everywhere. They are in the food that we eat, the air that we breathe and the water that we drink. They appeared on earth over 3.7 billion years ago and have colonised virtually every environmental niche since. To date, approximately 4,000 species of bacteria are known to man but it is thought that there are many millions that remain to be identified. Bacteria are found in the coldest, hottest, driest, wettest, deepest and highest places on earth. They can survive in the most acidic, alkaline and salty of environments. They can eat virtually anything from dead bodies to car tyres. They have been found growing in toxic waste dumps and sites contaminated by radiation. They can help certain plants grow by accumulating nitrogen from the atmosphere. They are involved in the production of various foods and beverages like yoghurt, cheeses and wine. Without bacteria there would be no degradation. We, as humans, cannot live without them. Our bodies are covered in billions of bacteria (normal flora) that provide us with nutrients that we cannot supply ourselves and they help us digest our food. Like every living thing on earth, it is of vital importance for bacteria to reproduce and pass on their genetic information to the next generation. Many bacteria do this in harmony with their environment by existing in a free-living or parasitic form. Of the parasites, only a very small portion of them actually cause disease and this characteristic can actually be seen as a failure of the bacteria to adapt to its environment.

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