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What cells carry glucose?
Glucose is primarily carried in the blood stream by red blood cells and muscle cells. Red blood cells transport glucose to various tissues in the body, while muscle cells use glucose for energy production during physical activity.
What substances does the blood transport towards a muscle cell and in what parts of the blood is each of these carried?
hemoglobin
How does the body monitor blood glucose level?
The body monitors blood glucose levels primarily through the pancreas, which contains specialized cells called beta cells that detect changes in blood sugar. When blood glucose levels rise, such as after eating, these cells release insulin, a hormone that facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells, lowering blood sugar levels. Conversely, when blood sugar levels drop, alpha cells in the pancreas release glucagon, which signals the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream. This intricate feedback system helps maintain glucose homeostasis.
How do cells respond to maintain glucose levels?
Cells maintain glucose levels through a combination of insulin signaling and glucose uptake mechanisms. When blood glucose levels rise, insulin is released from the pancreas, promoting glucose uptake by cells, particularly in muscle and adipose tissue. Additionally, cells can store excess glucose as glycogen through glycogenesis or convert it to fat. When glucose levels drop, glucagon is released, stimulating glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis to release glucose into the bloodstream.
Insulin causes a a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose b an increase in the concentration of blood glucose?
Insulin causes a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells, especially muscle and adipose tissue. It also stimulates the storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscle.
What cells carry glucose?
Glucose is primarily carried in the blood stream by red blood cells and muscle cells. Red blood cells transport glucose to various tissues in the body, while muscle cells use glucose for energy production during physical activity.
Can glycogen in skeletal muscle be used to supply blood glucose?
Muscle cells lack the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase, which is required to pass glucose into the blood, so the glycogen they store is destined for internal use and is not shared with other cells. (This is in contrast to liver cells, which, on demand, readily do break down their stored glycogen into glucose and send it through the blood stream as fuel for the brain or muscles).
What is the difference between insulin and glucagon?
Insulin signals blood cells like liver and muscle cells. These are used to accelerate the conversion of glucose to glycogen that's stored in the liver. Glucagon attach themselves to liver cells telling them to convert glycogen to glucose and to release glucose into the blood.
What substances does the blood transport towards a muscle cell and in what parts of the blood is each of these carried?
hemoglobin
The hormone responsible for helping glucose move into cells especially muscle fibers which lowers blood glucose levels when they are too high?
Insulin is the hormone responsible for helping glucose move into cells, particularly muscle fibers. It facilitates the uptake and storage of glucose, which helps reduce blood glucose levels when they are elevated.
Name one hormone and state its function?
* Insulin - released by pancreas - encourages liver and muscle cells to absorb glucose from the blood; stimulates the conversion of glucose ----> glycogen in liver/muscle cells.
What is During digestion excess glucose is stored in liver cells and muscle cells in what form?
Excess glucose is stored in liver cells and muscle cells in the form of glycogen. When blood glucose levels are high, insulin signals these cells to take up glucose and convert it into glycogen for storage. This glycogen can later be broken down back into glucose when energy is needed.
Blood caries what two things to your muscle cells?
Blood carries glucose and oxygen to muscle cells. Muscles require more of these during exercise, and so the heart pumps harder and faster.
What is the sensor and integrator and effector of the blood glucose feedback loop?
The sensor in a negative feedback loop monitors the state of the variable, in this case blood glucose. For blood glucose, the sensor as well as the integrator is the Islets of Langerhans, since it contains the alpha and beta cells. Alpha cells produce glucagon, a hormone that acts on the liver to release more glucose into the blood. Beta cells produce insulin, which controls the uptake of glucose into the cells. The effectors respond to the sensor's messages, and act to maintain a variable. The effectors for blood glucose are the cells which take in glucose, as well as the liver.
What hormone causes liver cells to release glucose?
The hormone glucagon stimulates the liver to release glucose into the blood when glucose levels are low.
Insulin causes a a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose b an increase in the concentration of blood glucose?
Insulin causes a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells, especially muscle and adipose tissue. It also stimulates the storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscle.
What is insulin primarily regulated by?
Insulin secretion is primarily regulated by blood glucose levels. When blood glucose levels rise after a meal, beta cells in the pancreas release insulin to help cells uptake glucose for energy production.
