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An estuary is the wide part of a river where it nears the sea. It can be formed by many reasons. One of them is rising sea levels. Due to higher sea levels, river valleys were flooded and thus forming drowned river valley or coastal plain estuaries. Secondly, the movement of sand and the formation of sandbars can enclose bodies of water along the coastline and form lagoon-type or bar-built estuaries. Also, we have estuaries formed by glacial processes. In colder climates, glaciers cut deep valleys in the landscape. When glaciers recede during warmer climate periods, coastal waters fill the valley to form fjord-type estuaries. Lastly, tectonic processes such as earthquakes and faulting also play a part in the formation of estuaries. This may cause the rapid sinking of coastal areas below sea level to form tectonically produced estuaries.

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