Describe the feedback mechanism for breathing?

Answer 1

Neural centers in the brainstem (pons and medulla) set the pace via the phrenic and intercostal nerves. The mechanism itself is the diaphragm contracts expanding the volume within the lungs. When the volume increases the pressure drops and air rushes in (breathe in). When we relax the diaphragm, this squeezes the lungs decreasing their volume which increases the pressure and air gets pushed out (breathe out).

It is also affected by conscious control (holding your breath), emotional factors (stress/fear), and chemical factors like the amount of carbon dioxide in your blood. When that raises too high, you will start breathing faster.

Answer 2

Breathing is primarily regulated by feedback mechanisms that involve chemoreceptors in the brain and carotid bodies. These sensors monitor levels of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pH in the blood. When levels deviate from the optimal range, signals are sent to the respiratory centers in the brainstem to adjust breathing rate and depth to restore equilibrium.