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Describe the unique properties building-block molecules and biological importance of the three important groups of lipids fats phospholipids and steroids?
III. Lipids are diverse group of hydrophobic molecules, all hydrophobic; includes waxes and pigments not discussd A. Fats - not polymers, large molecules assembled from smaller molecules - glycerol and fatty acids 1. glycerol = alcohol w/ 3 C, each with a OH group 2. fatty acid = long C skeleton, 16-18 C long (fig 5.11) a. carboxyl group at end b. long chain of hydrocarbons - C-Hbonds are nonpolar, producing hydrophobic molecule c. 3 fatty acids join to the carbon skeleton, making a triglyceride, aka triglycerol d. fatty acids attached to the chain can be the same or different e. if there are no double bonds btn C, chain is straight - saturated fatty acid - solid =fats f. if double bonds occur, chain is kinked- unsaturated - will be liquid = oils g. cis bonds vs. trans bonds in hydrogenated products 1. trans fats in hydrogenated products may contribute more to atherosclerosis than saturated fats h. fat is very useful - a gram of fat stores more than 2x as much energy as a gram of polysac 1. compact storage for animals on the move (Plants don't have to move) 2. storage, warmth and cushioning B. Phospholipids -similar to fat, but only 2 fatty acids 1. 3rd hydroxyl group of glycerol attaches to negatively charged phosphate group (Fig. 5.13) a. other small charged molecules can attach to phosphate group to form phospholipids 2. head is hydrophilic, tail is hydrophobic (fig 5.14) a. in water, phospholipids self assemble into bilayers to shield hydrophobic portions from H2O 3. cell membranes are made of this, form a boundary btn cell and environment that is semipermeable C. Steroids - lipids w/ 4 fused rings for C skeleton (f.g 5.15) 1. functional groups vary 2. cholesterol a. common in cell membranes b. precurser of other steroids, eg. sex hormones and other hormones c. cholesterol is important, too much is bad
SOURCE: www.ltcconline.net/kloss/bio101/ch5.doc
What else can I help you with?
When mixed with water phospholipids spontaneously form membranes. what properties of phospholipids cause this to happen?
Hydrophilic phosphate groups that are attracted to water and hydrophobic fatty acid tails that avoid water.
Which molecule has hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and would be found in plasma membranes?
Phospholipids have hydrophilic ("water-loving") heads and hydrophobic ("water-fearing") tails, which allow them to form the lipid bilayer of plasma membranes. This dual nature of phospholipids helps create a barrier that is selective about what can enter or leave the cell.
What following statements or animal cell lipids false?
Animal cell lipids are primarily composed of phospholipids, cholesterol, and various types of fatty acids. A common misconception is that all lipids are hydrophobic; while many are, phospholipids have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties, allowing them to form cell membranes. Additionally, it is false to state that lipids do not play a role in signaling; certain lipids function as signaling molecules in various biological processes.
How are the properties of phospholipids important in membrane functions?
Phospholipids are really just fat cells that exist in our membranes. They serve two very important functions. The most important are they help with temperature control. When the membrane gets cold, the phospholipids keep the membrane from freezing and becoming stiff, and when it gets too hot, they keep the cells form sticking together and melting
What are phospholipids described as?
Phospholipids are described as amphipathic molecules, meaning they possess both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) properties. They consist of a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid tails, and a phosphate group, which contributes to their polar nature. This unique structure allows phospholipids to form bilayers, a fundamental component of cell membranes, providing structural integrity and facilitating the movement of substances in and out of cells.
Biological importance of water?
Water is an essential component for the survival of organisms. Some of its importance include: being a universal solvent, involved in almost all biochemical processes in the body, and its thermal properties are suitable to support life.
When mixed with water phospholipids spontaneously form membranes. what properties of phospholipids cause this to happen?
Hydrophilic phosphate groups that are attracted to water and hydrophobic fatty acid tails that avoid water.
Which molecule has hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and would be found in plasma membranes?
Phospholipids have hydrophilic ("water-loving") heads and hydrophobic ("water-fearing") tails, which allow them to form the lipid bilayer of plasma membranes. This dual nature of phospholipids helps create a barrier that is selective about what can enter or leave the cell.
What following statements or animal cell lipids false?
Animal cell lipids are primarily composed of phospholipids, cholesterol, and various types of fatty acids. A common misconception is that all lipids are hydrophobic; while many are, phospholipids have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties, allowing them to form cell membranes. Additionally, it is false to state that lipids do not play a role in signaling; certain lipids function as signaling molecules in various biological processes.
How are the properties of phospholipids important in membrane functions?
Phospholipids are really just fat cells that exist in our membranes. They serve two very important functions. The most important are they help with temperature control. When the membrane gets cold, the phospholipids keep the membrane from freezing and becoming stiff, and when it gets too hot, they keep the cells form sticking together and melting
The most common number of carbons in fatty acid hydrocarbon chains of membrane phospholipids?
The most common number of carbons in fatty acid hydrocarbon chains of membrane phospholipids is 16 or 18. These chain lengths are prevalent in phospholipids due to their stable and fluid properties, which are essential for maintaining membrane structure and function.
What are the importance of landed properties?
The importance of landed properties ensure the families stay on the society's upper echelons. It also ensures the future wealth of the next generations.
Do Molecules have a rigid and inflexible three dimensional shape which contributes to their biological properties?
no
Chi-square test properties and importance?
square
What position within a structure indicates importance?
properties
Is nicotine a lipid?
No, nicotine is not a lipid. It is a nitrogen-containing organic compound classified as an alkaloid, which means it is derived from plants and has basic properties. Nicotine is primarily found in tobacco plants and acts as a stimulant by affecting neurotransmitter systems in the brain. Lipids, on the other hand, are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules, including fats, oils, and phospholipids, which serve different biological functions.
What are phospholipids described as?
Phospholipids are described as amphipathic molecules, meaning they possess both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) properties. They consist of a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid tails, and a phosphate group, which contributes to their polar nature. This unique structure allows phospholipids to form bilayers, a fundamental component of cell membranes, providing structural integrity and facilitating the movement of substances in and out of cells.
