High mass stars and low mass stars evolve differently due to their distinct physical characteristics and life cycles. High mass stars undergo rapid fusion processes, leading to a brief lifespan and ending in supernova explosions, often forming neutron stars or black holes. In contrast, low mass stars evolve more slowly, transitioning through stages such as red giants and ending as white dwarfs after shedding their outer layers. These differences in evolution result from variations in temperature, pressure, and nuclear fusion rates within the stars.
The similarities of high-end low-mass stars include their ability to fuse hydrogen and helium at the same time, very short lifetimes, and being incredibly luminous.
Not all stars form in the same way, but they generally follow a similar process known as stellar formation. Most stars form from the gravitational collapse of gas and dust in molecular clouds, leading to the formation of a protostar. However, variations in mass, composition, and environmental conditions can influence the specific details of each star's formation. For instance, massive stars may evolve more rapidly and undergo different processes compared to smaller stars.
It would be difficult to define another star with the same mass as our Sun. Depending on your boundaries for selection criteria, and G2 star will be pretty close. Naming a star, then Alpha Centauri A would be fairly close.
The average density of a neutron star with the same mass as the sun would be about 1 x 10^17 kg/m^3. Neutron stars are incredibly dense objects, as they are formed from the remnants of massive stars that have undergone supernova explosions.
Main sequence stars of low mass spend a lot more time on the main sequence than do more massive stars. Less massive stars are also much less luminous than high mass stars. Using the empirical mass-luminosity relation we can show this to be true. L/Lsun~M/Msun3.5 Where L is luminosity and M is the mass of the star. Consider a very low mass of M=0.1 Using this relation we get L =0.000316, a tiny fraction of the sun's luminosity! Then we take a more massive star, say M=10 We get L = 3162 times more luminous than the sun! The amount of material available (mass) and the rate of energy release (luminosity) can also be used to determine how long a star will remain stable on the main sequence with the equation: MS Lifetime = M/Msun / L/Lsun x 1010 Years We'll use the same two examples from above, M=0.1 and M=10 Low Mass Star = 0.1 / .000316 x 1010 years = 3.16x1012 years High Mass Star = 10 / 3162 x 1010 years = 31.6 x 106 years As we can plainly see, a high mass star shines much brighter than a low mass star, and stays on the main sequence a much shorter time. This implies that the higher the mass of the star, the faster it goes through its fuel. There are many factors contributing to this, including gravitational collapse and heating, increased surface area for energy output (since high mass stars are bigger than low mass stars), and fusion of materials in the core. Please note that internal fusion IS NOT responsible for luminosity--it IS responsible, however, for how long a star can remain on the main sequence. A star has a much higher internal temperature than the temperature of its outer shell. Generally, the core of a star can be in the millions of degrees Kelvin, where the Effective Temperature (Teff) at the surface of the star is generally in the thousands to tens of thousands of degrees K. For the sake of the question you asked, I'm going to assume you were referring to Teff, since it is related directly to the 'color' of the star. As a generalization, we can think of stars as perfect radiators, or blackbodies. Practically this means that the hotter a star is, the more blue it appears, and the cooler a star is, the redder it appears. As you may have already guessed, the more massive stars are generally 'blue,' and the lower mass stars are generally 'red,' with yellow and white stars in between. From Wikipedia: Stellar ClassRadiusMassLuminosityTemperatureExamples[24]R/R☉M/M☉L/L☉KO51840500,00038,000Zeta PuppisB07.41820,00030,000Phi1 OrionisB53.86.580016,400Pi Andromedae AA02.53.28010,800Alpha Coronae Borealis AA51.72.1208,620Beta PictorisF01.41.767,240Gamma VirginisF51.21.292.56,540Eta ArietisG01.051.101.266,000Beta Comae BerenicesG21.001.001.005,920Sun[note 2]G50.930.930.795,610Alpha MensaeK00.850.780.405,15070 Ophiuchi AK50.740.690.164,64061 Cygni A[25]M00.630.470.0633,920Gliese 185[26]M50.320.210.00793,120EZ Aquarii AM80.130.100.0008-Van Biesbroeck's star[27] The Stellar Classes on this chart indicate several things about the star, including its brightness, color, and spectrum. O type stars are the biggest and hottest, and the most Blue. B are usually considered blue-white, A considered white, F called yellow-white, G are yellow (our sun is a G2 star), K are orange, and M are red.
The similarities of high-end low-mass stars include their ability to fuse hydrogen and helium at the same time, very short lifetimes, and being incredibly luminous.
No. Galaxies vary greatly in size, mass, shape, and number of stars.
All white dwarfs do not have about the same mass. White dwarfs vary in mass because the stars they form from are not all the same mass.
Nope. It depends on how much matter the star was immersed in during its formation. More matter equals more size and vice versa.
Neutron stars are made of the same matter as Earth, but they have so much mass that their matter has a high density and the atoms have been crushed with everything compressed into neutrons.
Not all stars form in the same way, but they generally follow a similar process known as stellar formation. Most stars form from the gravitational collapse of gas and dust in molecular clouds, leading to the formation of a protostar. However, variations in mass, composition, and environmental conditions can influence the specific details of each star's formation. For instance, massive stars may evolve more rapidly and undergo different processes compared to smaller stars.
They are attracted to one another by gravity, which is not affected by electrical charge. Gravity is an attractive force that occurs between all objects with mass. You don't have positive and negative masses that attract and repel. The greater the mass, the greater the attraction. Second, the stars do not all have the same mass. The masses of stars vary considerably.
The Sun is a star, all stars are suns. They are the same thing, qualified by extreme temperatures, high mass and the emission of heat, light and other forms of energy.
The mass remains the same, the star becomes more and more dense as the volume decreases
They are the corpses of some super giants. They are very small, but have the same gravity and mass as their old self.
No. Stars vary in mass, color, size, temperature, and composition of trace elements.
Density is not the same as mass. Density is mass divided by volume.Density is not the same as mass. Density is mass divided by volume.Density is not the same as mass. Density is mass divided by volume.Density is not the same as mass. Density is mass divided by volume.