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Adding an electron to a proton makes a neutron. The neutron is unstable outside of a nucleus and will usually decay to a proton and an electron. But the neutron is viewed as a particle in its own right, not a combination.

At a deeper level, it is a change to the quarks that compose protons or neutrons, though not electrons.

And that's probably not the whole story. Quarks have one-third or two-thirds of the electron's charge, and it is very precise. This would suggest something more basic, but no one yet has an accepted theory for what.

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15y ago

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