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It's easier to understand if we talk about it in terms of heating, but it's the same reason for cooling, except backward.


Crudely speaking, all the energy is being used to overcome the attractive forces between the atoms or molecules of the substance, rather than going directly into kinetic energy. Since temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy, the temperature will not rise until the substance has fully changed state. At that point the energy being added in the form of heat will start increasing the kinetic energy of the particles again and the temperature will rise.

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