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Elements belonging to the same group in the Periodic Table share similar chemical and physical properties due to their identical valence electron configurations. This similarity affects their reactivity, ionization energies, and electronegativity. For example, alkali metals in Group 1 are all highly reactive and have one valence electron, while noble gases in Group 18 are inert with a full valence shell. These shared characteristics result in predictable trends within each group.

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