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A scientific law is a generalization from a series of multiple observations. For example, the law of gravity postulates that objects that have mass are attracted to each other.

A scientific theory is the mechanism that explains a law. For example, the particle theory of light explains why light can travel through a vacuum.

N.B. One of the most commonly miscatergorizes laws is the law of evolution (it's often called the theory of evolution). Evolution is a scientific law stating that organisms change into different species over several generations.

Darwins theory of natural selection is the theory explaining this law. Natural selection postulates that evolution happens because certain organisms are better adapted to their environment than others, thereby being more likely to pass on such traits to their offspring.

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