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Earthquakes can occur at all types of plate boundaries, however the larger earthquakes tend to occur at transform and convergent boundaries. At these plate boundaries, one plate gets pushed under or into (convergent) or past (transform) the other. As this happens the two plates can become locked in place due to friction. This causes deformation of the rockmass around the boundary as the plates continue trying to move. As the stress builds up and the amount of deformation increases, the amount of energy stored in the rocks also increases (this is a lot like a compressed spring).

Ultimately the stress will get so large it will exceed the frictional resistance and shear strength of the rock at the plate boundary causing a sudden movement. This allows all the energy to escape in one go in the form of seismic waves causing an earthquake.

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