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There are three systems that are involved; the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and the endocrine system.

The Central Nervous System consists of the brain and spinal cord.

The Peripheral Nervous System involves everything else. It is how the brain and the spinal cord connect to everything else. There are two parts to the PNS, the Autonomic Nervous System and the Somatic Nervous System.

Autonomic Nervous System deals with all of the visceral muscles, like the heart, arteries, GI tract and glands. It's involved with the sympathetic nervous system, which is an activating system (think "fight or flight"). It is activated when aroused and when there is expenditure of energy; it prepares the body for action. The parasympathetic system of the PNS' autonomic nervous system is the opposite; it deactivates the body, restores its balance, conserves energy, and returns the body to its resting state.

Somatic Nervous system of the PNS acts on muscles that are attached to bone. There are motor neurons and sensory neurons involved. The sensory neurons are afferent, meaning they affect and have an influence on the brain. They transmit somatosensory info from the peripheral sensory organs to the CNS. They are the input received; and example would be when you realize you're touching something very hot that is burning you. The motor neurons are efferent, meaning they are the output and they result in muscular activity. They bring informational commands concerning motor from the CNS to the muscles. They cause the muscles to take action, a response action to the example of moving your hand away when you are touching something that's burning you.

The PNS transmits a variety of information to the CNS, which then organizes and evaluates that information, and then goes on to direct the PNS to perform specific behaviors or make bodily adjustments.

Neurons are specialized for communication. They take in information, integrate it, and then pass the information on to other neurons.

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14y ago

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