How are the criteria for deciding divisions in plants different from the criteriafor deciding the subgroups among animals?

Answer 1

Criteria for deciding divisions in plants are:

(i) Differentiated/ Undifferentiated plant body

(ii) Presence/ absence of vascular tissues

(iii) With/without seeds

(iv) Naked seeds/ seeds inside fruits

Criteria for deciding subgroups among animals are:

Kingdom Animalia is divided into two major groups on the basis of the presence or absence of a notochord.

Non-chordates do not possess a notochord, while all members of the phylum chordates possess a notochord.

Non-chordate is further divided into subgroups on the basis of the following features:

On the basis of the above features, non-chordates are divided into the following subgroups: Porifera, Coelenterate, Platyhelminthes, Nematodes, Annelids, Molluscs, Arthropoda, and Echinodermata.

All members of the phylum chordate possess a notochord. However, some animals such as Balanoglossus, Amphioxus, Herdmania,etc. have a notochord, which is either absent or does not run the entire length of the animal's body. Therefore, these animals are kept in a separate sub-phylum called Protochordata, and the rest of the chordates are included in the sub-phylum vertebrata. The members of the sub-phylum vertebrata are advanced chordates. They are divided into five classes: Pisces, Amphibian, Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia.

Answer 2

In plants, divisions are typically based on distinctive reproductive structures, such as the presence or absence of seeds. In contrast, subgroups among animals are often defined by characteristics like body symmetry, presence of a backbone, or type of body covering. Overall, the criteria for deciding divisions in plants focus more on reproductive features, while subgroup classifications in animals encompass a range of anatomical and behavioral traits.