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Each cell's shape reflects its function. Below are some examples.

  • Muscle cells are long, thin, and spindle-shaped, which makes muscle contractions more efficient.
  • Neurons have dendrites (branchlike extensions that receive information), large cell bodies, and a long extension called an axon that ends in cell terminals. The anatomy of the neuron allows electro-chemical signals to be passed over relatively long distances at fast rates.
  • Glial cells come in a wide variety of shapes, from starlike astrocytes to Schwann's cells that wrap around an axon like a cinnamon bun. Their main purposes are holding neurons in place, and insulating and protecting the signals sent by the axon, respectively.
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