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Proteins are precipitated by an acid through a process called isoelectric precipitation. When the pH of a protein solution is lowered by adding acid, the proteins' net charge can become neutral or even negative, causing them to aggregate and precipitate out of solution. This occurs because the electrostatic repulsion between protein molecules decreases, allowing them to come together and form larger complexes that are insoluble in the aqueous environment. The extent of precipitation depends on the type of protein and the concentration of acid used.

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