The two ingredients needed are
-some type of crystal source (magnesium sulfate, table salt, sugar, copper sulfate, etc.)
-water (not sure if other liquids would work, I would imagine they would.)
take any amount of water, and put it in a glass container (beaker, glass, etc)
add your crystal source to the water. stir and keep adding in more of the crystal source until no more dissolves. when 5 minutes have gone by without the crystals dissolving any more, you now have a saturated solution.
now, heat the solution. this can be done in the microwave, on the stove, on a Bunsen Burner, or even on a grill if you want. Just make sure it still stays in the glass container.
when the solution begins to boil, keep adding more of the crystal source, constantly stirring it, until no more crystals dissolve. (<=== make sure you keep the solution on the heat source the entire time you do this step)
allow the solution to cool. when it's cooled to room temperature, you now have a super saturated solution!
THE CHEMISTRY BEHIND THIS--
in summary, water absorbs crystals. heated water absorbs more crystals. when heated, the water absorbs ALOT more crystals than normal, so when it cools the water is TOO full of crystals, making it unstable and able to crystallize very quickly.
~Krystal Fox
How a saturated solution can become supersaturated?
Heating the solution increases the solubility of the solute, allowing more of it to dissolve. This creates a supersaturated solution, where the solution is holding more solute than it normally can at that temperature. Upon cooling, the excess solute remains in solution, resulting in a supersaturated solution.
The solute will eventually fall out of a supersaturated solution
You can identify a supersaturated solution when you see undissolved solute at room temperature. This occurs when more solute has been dissolved in a solvent than should normally be possible under the given conditions.
In a supersaturated solution, the solute concentration exceeds the saturation point at that temperature. This is achieved by dissolving the solute in a hot solution and then slowly cooling it down without allowing the excess solute to precipitate out. A saturated solution has the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a given temperature.
The solute will eventually fall out of a supersaturated solution
The solute will eventually fall out of a supersaturated solution
Adding more solute the solution become supersaturated.
Supersaturated
A solution become supersaturated when the limitt of solute solubility at a given temperature is exceeded.
A supersaturated solution has a concentration of solute greater than the solubility at a specific temperature.
A supersaturated solution is obtained.
How a saturated solution can become supersaturated?
A supersaturated solution contain an amount of solute higher than the limit of solubility at a given temperature and pressure.
This is a saturated solution.
To make a supersaturated solution, you would first dissolve the maximum amount of solute in the solvent at an elevated temperature to increase solubility. Then, slowly cool the solution down without disturbing it to prevent the excess solute from precipitating out, creating a supersaturated solution.
A supersaturated solution can be obtained when a saturated solution which is in contact with its solid, is slightly heated in order to increase the solubility product, followed by quick cooling.