Using antibiotics when ineffective or unnecessary enables the mutation and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, since the bacteria will get small and/or a short duration of doses of the medicine, too short to kill the bacteria, but able to make them get used to the "poison" and no longer killed by it. That is why you are told by medical professionals that you should always take all antibiotics prescribed even when you start feeling better, because it takes the full amount of medicine to be sure the bacteria have been killed. You are also told not to skip doses for the same reason.
Do not pressure your physician to prescribe antibiotics for a cold. Antibiotics are not a direct treatment of viruses that cause colds and flu, they have no affect on any viruses. They are only prescribed with viral illness if there has been a secondary bacterial pneumonia or other bacterial infection develop.
If you take antibiotics when unnecessary, you also contribute to the production of more antibiotic-resistant bacteria. It is coincidental when people say that they know that the antibiotics they took for a cold or flu virus made them feel better. It is a matter of time, not medicine. Often people do not seek physician exam until they have had a cold for 5-7 days...and then within 3 days of starting the antibiotics, they begin to feel better and attribute it to the antibiotics. But it is not due to the medicine, it is due to the time it took your body to rid the virus, which is in 7 to 10 days from the start of symptoms. Just wait for at least 10 days to give your body a chance to heal your virus before pressuring for unneeded antibiotics.
Antibiotics are not innocuous. They have toxicities and side effects. This means that antibiotics not only do no good in a viral infection, they can actually harm the patient. This is at odds with a fundamental precept of medicine: "First, do no harm."
Resistance to antibiotics is not necessarily permanent. Some bacteria can lose their resistance if they are not constantly exposed to antibiotics. However, the emergence of new mutations can result in the development of new antibiotic-resistant strains. Continued monitoring and appropriate use of antibiotics are essential in managing antibiotic resistance.
Horizontal gene transfer is a type of adaptation that allows bacteria to acquire antibiotic resistance genes quickly from other bacteria. This process involves the transfer of genetic material between different bacteria, enabling the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance within a population.
Horizontal gene transfer is a type of adaptation that can quickly lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria. This process involves the transfer of genetic material between different bacteria, allowing for the spread of antibiotic resistance genes.
All of the above examples are direct evidence for evolution. Genetic changes in plants, antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and pesticide resistance in insects all demonstrate how species can adapt and evolve to survive in changing environments. This supports the theory of evolution by natural selection.
The source of antibiotic resistance is often plasmids known as R plasmids, which carry genes that confer resistance to antibiotics. These plasmids can be transferred between bacteria, spreading antibiotic resistance throughout microbial populations.
The trait giving bacteria antibiotic resistance has become common, giving bacteria with the trait a selective advantage.
They have resistance to the antibiotic.
A random mutation in one bacteria can result in this. think of a huge population of bacteria. billions of bacteria. and only 5 or so have the resistance by a random chance (random mutation). the antiobiotics will kill all of bacteria, except for the 5 with the resistance. Then, only those 5 will reproduce. since they reproduce asexually, this resistance will be passed on to all of the daughter. Then, all of sudden, there are a lot of bacteria around that are resistant to the antibiotic... it can also occur by conjugation, which is when a bacteria inserts its DNA into another bacteria. this can result in the second bacteria having the resistance too. this is a very basic description of the process.
The bacteria benefits.
If antibiotic resistance is added to the gene being cloned, antibiotics can be used to isolate the transformed bacteria (ones with the gene being cloned) by killing off all non-transformed bacteria, that don't have the antibiotic resistance. There is a chance that the non-transformed bacteria can mutate to develop antibiotic resistance.
Plasmids contain antibiotic resistance genes because these genes provide a survival advantage to the bacteria in the presence of antibiotics. Bacteria can pick up plasmids with antibiotic resistance genes through horizontal gene transfer, allowing them to survive in environments with antibiotic exposure. This is a common mechanism for bacteria to acquire resistance traits and poses a challenge for antibiotic treatment.
Missense mutation Nonsense mutation Frameshift insertion Frameshift deletion All may cause antibiotic resistance in bacteria
Resistant or resistance is when a bacteria has adapted to an antibiotic.
Resistance to antibiotics is not necessarily permanent. Some bacteria can lose their resistance if they are not constantly exposed to antibiotics. However, the emergence of new mutations can result in the development of new antibiotic-resistant strains. Continued monitoring and appropriate use of antibiotics are essential in managing antibiotic resistance.
Unfortunately, in recent years, the treatment of endocarditis has become more complicated as a result of antibiotic resistance
Horizontal gene transfer is a type of adaptation that allows bacteria to acquire antibiotic resistance genes quickly from other bacteria. This process involves the transfer of genetic material between different bacteria, enabling the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance within a population.
Horizontal gene transfer is a type of adaptation that can quickly lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria. This process involves the transfer of genetic material between different bacteria, allowing for the spread of antibiotic resistance genes.