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All waves are responsible for both but, the overall (net) effect depends on the strenght of the swash (forward movement) and backwash (backwards movement). There are two main types of waves. The first is constructive waves which has a strong swash but the water quickly loses energy (depositing matierial) and then moving back to the sea with a weak backwash (therefore not moving much sediment away). The second is destructive waves which have a much stronger backwash than swash meaning more sediment gets removed than added leading to net erosion. Waves can also erode cliff faces by three processes: Abrasion(sediment in the sea is thrown against cliff face), Solution(chemicals in the sea erode certain rock types) and hydraulic action( water forced into cracks in the cliff face creates 'explosive' effect when wave draws back).

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