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Pure germanium is obtained by distllation of germanium tetrachloride, followed by hydrolysis of GeCl4 to GeO2 and reducing of GeO2 with hydrogen to Ge.

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What are pure semiconductors?

silicon and germanium


Does germanium form a monatomic or diatomic in pure form?

Neither, it is a crystalline solid in pure form.


Where was the element germanium discovered?

Germanium was discovered by chemist Clemens Winkler in 1886 in Freiberg, Germany. He isolated germanium from a sample of the mineral argyrodite.


What does germanium smell like?

Germanium itself does not have a distinct odor. It is a metalloid and is typically odorless in its pure form.


What kind of odor does germanium have?

The pure element has no odor as it is a solid and nonvolatile.


Is gold a better conductor than germanium?

Yes. Pure gold is a much better conductor than pure germanium is.


When a potential is applied to pure germanium in what direction do the electrons and holes move?

in pure germanium there are effectively noconduction band electrons or holes, so they don't move at all.


Specific resistance of a pure germanium?

60 ohm-m?


What is the germanium odor?

Germanium does not have a distinct odor. In its pure form, germanium is a hard, grayish-white metalloid. It is commonly used in electronics and optical devices.


How do you make a pure sample of germanium?

This depends on how pure you want it. For most purposes chemical reagent grade germanium is adequate and it can be purchased from most chemical supply houses quite inexpensively. For electronics purposes however you need the much purer semiconductor grade germanium which can also be purchased easily but at a higher price. There is no real reason to want to go to the trouble of making either.However I will explain the method by which reagent grade germanium is purified to semiconductor grade germanium. This requires several hundred cycles of a process called zone melting which is a form of fractional crystallization. This is performed by placing the germanium in a special elongated crucible called a graphite boat, because it is made of highly pure boron free graphite (similar to that used as the moderator in graphite moderated nuclear reactors) so that the crucible does not itself recontaminate the germanium and its long narrow shape resembling a boat. The germanium is then melted by sliding the boat through a ring shaped electrically heated furnace that melts only a narrow zone across the width of the boat, which recrystallizes as it leaves the furnace. As the boat passes through the furnace the impurities concentrate in the melted zone and when the boat is removed from the furnace leaves the impurities concentrated in that tail end of the boat that was last to leave the furnace. After roughly every 20 cycles through the furnace the graphite boat is broken up and the germanium crystal removed and the tail end is cut off and recycled as scrap because it contains too high a concentration of impurities. The germanium is now placed in a fresh graphite boat along with germanium of similar purity from other boats and processing continues until the desired semiconductor grade purity is reached.


How do you make a pure sample of fluorine?

No you cannot make a pure sample of Fluorine because it is an earth made element.


What is the natural state of germanium?

Germanium is a metalloid that is commonly found in nature in the form of germanium dioxide (GeO2) or germanite, which is a rare mineral. It is typically found in combination with other elements rather than in its pure form.