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In any redox reaction, at least one reactant is reduced and at least one reactant is oxidized. In the reaction between magnesium and oxygen, the magnesium atoms are oxidized because they lose electrons and the oxygen atoms are reduced because they gain electrons. Furthermore, the premise of the question is erroneous: The reaction does not as alleged show only addition of oxygen; instead it shows combination of magnesium and oxygen to form a new chemical entity, the compound magnesium oxide.

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