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Galileo reasoned that the phases of Venus could not be explained, if the Earth is in the center of the system of the planets. So Ptolemy's geocentric system could not be correct.

Edit: That's correct, but it doesn't answer the question, which is about Jupiter.

The idea is that Jupiter having moons proved that there are other places

that can be centres of motion, apart from Earth.

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What did galileos observations confirm?

He made many experiments and observations in the field of physics in general.


How did galileos telescope sightings go against traditional European thought?

Galileo's telescope sightings went against traditional European thought by challenging the geocentric model of the universe, which placed Earth at the center. His observations of the moons of Jupiter and the phases of Venus supported the heliocentric model proposed by Copernicus, where the Sun is at the center of the solar system. This clashed with the prevailing religious and philosophical beliefs of the time.


What controversy did Galileos work cause?

Galileo's work caused controversy because it challenged the accepted geocentric model of the universe, which placed Earth at the center. His support for the heliocentric model, with the sun at the center, contradicted religious teachings of the time. This led to conflicts with the Catholic Church and Galileo being condemned for heresy.


Why was the Catholic Church threatened by Galileos observations of the universe?

Because the Catholic doctrine was that Rome was the centre of the universe and all things revolved round it. When Galileo saw the moons of Jupiter orbiting jupiter, this proved that Catholic teaching and beliefs were wrong and if this was wrong, what else about Catholic teaching may be wrong!


What anomalies did Galileos first astronomic observations reveal?

Although they are not considered "anamolies" now, at the time these observations did not fit into standard ideas about the cosmos: 1) Jupiter has moons. 2) The Milky Way consists of stars. 3) Venus has phases over time.